The authors distinguish internal and external dimensions of the equitable and just treatment of individuals taking language tests which are used as gatekeeping devices to determine access to education and employment, immigrant status, citizenship, and other rights. The second goal is to show how the extent of test fairness can be demonstrated and improved using the tools of psychometrics, in particular the models collectively known as Rasch measurement. Using Rasch analysis models to explore and identify sources of unfairness, the authors make a compelling case for fairness in the design and implementation of language assessment instruments and for justice in the interpretation and use of test results.
A real strength of the book is that it guides readers through analytical techniques in an accessible way. The highly popularteacher's site has extra lesson ideas and resources for you to download.
The Gift of the Magi is a treasured short story written by O. A young and very much in love couple can barely afford their one-room apartment, let alone the extra expense of getting Christmas presents for one another.
But each is determined to show their love for the other in this traditional time of giving; each sells a thing they hold most dear in order to afford a present, with poignant and touching results that capture their love for one another.
With a wide range of exciting new digital material, including all new documentaries, this new edition of American English File is still the number one course to get your students talking. With grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation practice in every lesson, students are equipped with a solid foundationfor successful speaking.
Skip to content. Twelve Days of Christmas by Debbie Macomber. Pandemia by Alex Berenson. The Judge's List by John Grisham. The Lincoln Highway by Amor Towles. It ensures you get material that learners will enjoy reading and will want to talk about.
Texts such as "Could you live without money? They create a desire to communicate. Having created the desire, American English File then helps you to develop learners' communication skills.
Texts such as "Could you live without money? They create a desire to communicate. Having created the desire, American English File then helps you to develop learners' communication skills. One way it does this is with a strong focus on pronunciation. Research shows that poor pronunciation is a major contributor to breakdowns in communication Jennifer Jenkins: The Phonology of English as an International Language.
American English File integrates pronunciation into every lesson - the "little and often" approach. But that's not all. The unique English File Sounds Chart puts a picture to each sound in the phonetic alphabet, so learners find it easier to remember the sounds and, ultimately, improve their pronunciation.
Four-skills American English course with a communicative methodology, engaging texts, and a strong pronunciation syllabus - designed to get students speaking. With texts and topics that make learners want to speak, American English File is the course that gets students talking.
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